Exploring morphological aspects, cuticle size and volatile compounds in the fruits of four olive cultivars as possibly interdependent components of Bactrocera oleae tolerance

Front Plant Sci. 2025 Nov 28;16:1681993. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1681993. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea, var. europaea, plays a crucial role in cultural identity and economic prosperity across many regions of the Mediterranean Basin. The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, represents a major global challenge to olive and olive oil production. Its larvae feed…